Opera (web browser)

Opera
Opera logo
Opera Web Browser.png
Opera 10.61 displaying Wikipedia on Windows 7.
Developer(s) Opera Software ASA
Initial release December 9, 1996 (1996-12-09)[1]
Stable release 10.63 (Build 3516)  (October 12, 2010; 4 months ago (2010-10-12)) [+/−]
Written in C++[2]
Operating system FreeBSD
Linux
Mac OS X
Microsoft Windows
Solaris until v. 10.1
Engine Presto
Available in 44 languages[3]
Development status Active
Type Web browser and Internet suite
License Proprietary (Freeware) with open source components
Website www.opera.com

Opera is a web browser and Internet suite developed by Opera Software. The browser handles common Internet-related tasks such as displaying web sites, sending and receiving e-mail messages, managing contacts, chatting on IRC, downloading files via BitTorrent, and reading web feeds. Opera is offered free of charge for personal computers and mobile phones.

Features include tabbed browsing, page zooming, mouse gestures, and an integrated download manager. Its security features include built-in phishing and malware protection, strong encryption when browsing secure websites, and the ability to easily delete private data such as HTTP cookies.

Opera runs on a variety of personal computer operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and FreeBSD. The Desktop Team recently dropped support for Solaris.[4]

Opera is known for originating many features later adopted by other Web browsers.[5][6] Despite these factors, Opera has captured only a small fraction of the worldwide personal computer browser market. It does, though, have a stronger market share on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, and personal digital assistants. Editions of Opera are available for devices using the Maemo, BlackBerry, Symbian, Windows Mobile, Android, and iPhone operating systems, as well as Java ME-enabled devices.[7][8][9] Approximately 120 million mobile phones have been shipped with Opera.[10] Opera is the only commercial web browser available for the Nintendo DS and Wii gaming systems. Some television set-top boxes use Opera. Adobe Systems has licensed Opera technology for use in the Adobe Creative Suite.[11][12]

Contents

History

Håkon Wium Lie, chief technical officer of the Opera Software company and co-creator of the CSS web standard.
See also: Opera Mobile#History, Opera Mini#History, Nintendo DS & DSi Browser#Launch, Internet Channel#History, and Opera Software#History

Opera began in 1994 as a research project at Telenor, the largest Norwegian telecommunications company. In 1995, it branched out into a separate company named Opera Software ASA.[13] Opera was first released publicly with version 2.0 in 1996,[14] which only ran on Microsoft Windows.[15] In an attempt to capitalize on the emerging market for Internet-connected handheld devices, a project to port Opera to mobile device platforms was started in 1998.[15] Opera 4.0, released in 2000,[14] included a new cross-platform core that facilitated creation of editions of Opera for multiple operating systems and platforms.[16]

Up to this point, Opera was trialware and had to be purchased after the trial period ended. Version 5.0 (released in 2000) saw the end of this requirement. Instead, Opera became ad-sponsored, displaying advertisements to users who had not paid for it.[17] Later versions of Opera gave the user the choice of seeing banner ads or targeted text advertisements from Google. With version 8.5 (released in 2005) the advertisements were removed entirely and primary financial support for the browser came through revenue from Google (which is by contract Opera's default search engine).[18]

Among the new features introduced in version 9.1 (released in 2006) was fraud protection using technology from GeoTrust, a digital certificate provider, and PhishTank, an organization that tracks known phishing web sites.[19] This feature was further improved and expanded in version 9.5, when GeoTrust was replaced with Netcraft, and malware protection from Haute Secure was added.[20]

Also in 2006, editions of Opera were made and released for Nintendo's DS and Wii gaming systems.[21][22][23][24] Opera for the Wii, called the Internet Channel, was free to download from its release on 12 April 2007[25] until 30 June 2007. After that date, Wii users had to pay 500 Wii Points (about US$5[26]) to download it.[27] As of 2 September 2009, it is again free to download. Users who previously paid to download are offered a NES game of their choice of the same value.[28][29] The Nintendo DS Browser is not free; it is sold as a physical DS game cartridge. The DSi has an Internet Channel that can be downloaded for free from the DSi shop.[30]

A new JavaScript engine called Carakan, after the Javanese script, was introduced with version 10.50.[31] According to Opera Software, Carakan is more than seven times faster in SunSpider than Opera 10.10 with Futhark on Windows, which has since been more or less confirmed by other sources after its official pre-alpha release in December 2009.[32][33][34] Also introduced was Opera's vector graphics library, Vega, which handles all of the browser's rendering. This allows platform specific rendering code to be replaced with code for Vega, which makes it easier to deploy across platforms; aids Opera's implementation of some advanced CSS3 properties, such as backgrounds and borders; and also allows hardware acceleration with optional OpenGL and Direct3D backends.[35]

The initial release of Opera 10.50 was for Windows only, in order to allow the development team to focus on a timed release with the EU browser ballot offered to European Economic Area users of Microsoft Windows.[36] The Mac version reached final status with version 10.52 and the release of Opera 10.60 brought Windows, Mac, Linux and FreeBSD back into sync for the first time since Opera 10.10.[37]

Features

See also: Opera Mobile#Features, Opera Mini#Features, Nintendo DS & DSi Browser#Features, and Internet Channel#Features

One set of third-party speed tests [38][39][40] concluded that Opera 9.5 was indeed faster than Internet Explorer 7 and prerelease versions of Firefox 3 and Safari 3.[41] Technology website ZDNet's speed tests in early 2008 showed that out of Internet Explorer 7, Safari 3, and pre-release versions of Firefox 3 and Opera 9.5, Opera was the fastest in some areas, but the only browser that Opera clearly outperformed was Internet Explorer.[42] However, as of version 10.5, Opera features a new JavaScript engine, as well as a new vector graphics library, which together significantly increase Opera's overall rendering speed.[32][43]

Opera includes built-in tabbed browsing, ad blocking, fraud protection, a download manager and BitTorrent client, a search bar, and a web feed aggregator. Opera also comes with an e-mail client called Opera Mail and an IRC chat client built in.[44]

Opera includes a "Speed Dial" feature, which allows the user to add up to 25 links (or more, by editing the speeddial.ini file) shown in thumbnail form in a page displayed when a new tab is opened. Thumbnails of the linked pages are automatically generated and used for visual recognition on the Speed Dial page or can be modified using Opera Image Dial Generator. Once set up, this feature allows the user to more easily navigate to the selected web pages.[45] Note that editing the speeddial.ini located in the directory file (which is in an OS-dependent location) of Opera gives the user better control of the look of the new tab. It gives the ability to edit the number of columns and rows separately, and recently the opacity of thumbnails for better visibility of the background image.

Opera supports Opera Widgets, small web applications that start from within Opera. Alongside Widgets, "User JavaScript" may be used to add custom JavaScript to web pages. Greasemonkey support is limited, and there is no interface to manage scripts or toggle 'Greasemonkey-on' functionality.

Opera is extensible in a third way via plug-ins, relatively small programs that add specific functions to the browser.[46] However, Opera limits what plug-ins can do and does not support full-fledged third-party extensions to the browser. Opera does this as a quality assurance measure, so that third-party extensions cannot introduce bugs.[47]

Usability and accessibility

Sample mouse gestures in Opera
Opera back mouse gesture.svg Back: hold down right mouse button, move mouse left, and release.

Alternative: hold the right button down and click the left button
Opera forward mouse gesture.svg Forward: hold down right mouse button, move mouse right, and release.

Alternative: hold the left button down and click the right button
Opera new tab mouse gesture.svg New tab: hold down right mouse button, move mouse down, and release.

Clicking a link with the middle mouse button produces a similar effect, but the new tab is opened in the background instead of becoming the active tab.

Opera was designed with a commitment to computer accessibility for users who have visual or motor impairments. As a multimodal browser, it also caters to a wide variety of personal preferences in the user interface.

It is possible to control nearly every aspect of the browser using only the keyboard,[48] and the default keyboard shortcuts can be modified to suit the user.[49][50] It is the only major browser to include support for spatial navigation. Opera also includes support for mouse gestures,[51] patterns of mouse movement that trigger browser actions such as "back" or "refresh".[52]

Page zooming allows text, images and other content such as Adobe Flash Player, Java platform and Scalable Vector Graphics to be increased or decreased in size (20% to 1,000%) to help those with impaired vision. The user may also specify the fonts and colors for web pages, and even override the page's CSS styling as well. This can be useful for making sites appear in high contrast or in more readable fonts.[53]

Voice control, co-developed with IBM, allows control of the browser without the use of a keyboard or mouse.[54][55] It can also read aloud pages and marked text.[44]

Opera Turbo is a feature intended for slower internet connections; when enabled, Opera's servers act as a proxy which compresses the requested web page by up to 80% before sending it to the user. This process reduces the total size of the data being sent, and thus shortens the amount of time necessary for the page to load. This technique is also used in Opera Mini.[56]

Privacy and security

Opera has several security features visible to the end user. One is the option to delete private data, such as HTTP cookies, the browsing history, and the cache, with the click of a button. This lets users erase personal data after browsing from a shared computer.[57]

When visiting a secure web site, Opera encrypts data using either SSL 3 or TLS,[58][59] both of which are highly secure encryption protocols. It then adds information about the site's security to the address bar. It will also check the web site that is being visited against blacklists for phishing and malware, and warn if it matches any of these lists. This behavior is enabled by default, but the user may opt to not make such checks automatically. If this check is disabled, the user can still check sites individually by opening a Page Info dialog.[60]

The user can protect every saved password stored in Opera with a master password. This prevents malware from accessing those passwords unless the master password is known. To catch security flaws and other software bugs before they are exploited or become a serious problem, the Opera Software company maintains a public web form where users can submit bug reports.[61] According to Secunia, a computer security service provider, the mean average of unpatched vulnerabilities in the last 365 days is 0.01. This stands in contrast to Internet Explorer (38.3), Firefox (5.77), and Safari (1.54).[62]

In January 2007, Asa Dotzler of the competing Mozilla Corporation accused the Opera Software company of downplaying information about security vulnerabilities in Opera that were fixed in December 2006. Dotzler claimed that users were not clearly informed of security vulnerabilities present in the previous version of Opera, and thus they would not realize that they needed to upgrade to the latest version or risk being exploited.[63] Opera responded to these accusations the next day.[64]

Standards support

Opera was one of the first browsers to support Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), now a major building block of web design.[65] Today, Opera supports many web standards, including CSS 2.1, HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.1, XHTML Basic, XHTML Mobile Profile, XHTML+Voice, WML 2.0, XSLT, XPath, XSL-FO, ECMAScript 3 (JavaScript), DOM 2, XMLHttpRequest, HTTP 1.1, TLS 1.2[66], Unicode, SVG 1.1 Basic, SVG 1.1 Tiny, GIF89a, JPEG, and full support for PNG, including alpha transparency.[67] Since version 9, Opera passes the Acid2 test, a test of whether or not a browser properly supports certain web standards. Opera was the second or fourth web browser to pass the test (depending on opinions regarding hiding the scrollbar)[68] and the first Windows browser to do so. Opera 10.5+ achieves a score of 100/100 on the Acid3 test[69] which is primarily focused on DOM and JavaScript standards compliance.

Opera also has a fast and standards compliant JavaScript engine named Carakan, which in Sputnik conformance tests (written by Google) failed only in 78 cases. For a comparison with other browsers: Safari 159, Chrome 218, Firefox 259, Internet Explorer 463 (all current stable versions as of May 4, 2010).[70]

Opera Unite

Opera Unite Logo

Opera Unite is an extensible framework that allows for several web services (referred to as "Applications"[71]) to be hosted from the user's computer, including a web server for hosting a site, file and photo sharing, a chat room, and streaming media. Opera ASA has released an API to create new or improved applications for the Opera Unite Platform, and many have already done so. An Opera Unite user's applications run on a domain associated with their Opera Community account, and are accessible from any web browser. For these applications to be accessed, the computer and the Opera Browser hosting the applications must both be running.

The included API uses HTML, CSS, client-side ECMAScript and a new server-side JavaScript technology with local file access and persistent storage. Unite Applications are packaged according to the W3C Widgets 1.0 specification. Opera also provides a vetted facility for developers to upload these user-created applications.[72]

Unite has been included standard since version 10.10.[73] Opera Unite competes with service like Tonido.[74]

Other editions

Aside from the main edition of Opera for personal computers, editions of Opera are available for a variety of devices. All are based on the same core,[75] but there is some variation in the features offered and the design of the user interface.

Smartphones and PDAs

Opera Mobile can be used on smartphones such as the Nokia 5800.

Opera Mobile is an edition of Opera designed for smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The first version of Opera Mobile was released in 2000 for the Psion Series 7 and NetBook, with a port to the Windows Mobile platform coming in 2004.[76][77] Today, Opera Mobile is available for a variety of devices that run the Windows Mobile, S60 platform, or UIQ operating systems.[78]

Users may try Opera Mobile free for 30 days, but beyond that it costs US$24.[79] Devices that use the UIQ 3 operating system, such as the Sony Ericsson P990 and Motorola RIZR Z8, come pre-installed with Opera Mobile, the price of Opera Mobile being included in the price of the phone.[78]

One of Opera Mobile's major features is the ability to dynamically reformat web pages to better fit the handheld's display using small screen rendering technology.[80] Alternatively, the user may use page zooming for a closer or broader look.[81] However, like previous versions of Opera for personal computers, Opera Mobile's user interface has come under fire for being difficult to use or customize.[82][83]

Mobile phones

Main article: Opera Mini
When a user browses the web using Opera Mini, the request is sent via the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) to one of the Opera Software company's servers, which retrieves the web page, processes it, compresses it, and sends it back to the user's mobile phone.

Opera Mini, offered free of charge, is designed primarily for mobile phones, but also for smartphones and personal digital assistants. It uses the Java ME platform and consequently requires that the mobile device be capable of running Java ME applications. The browser began as a pilot project in 2005.[84] After limited releases in Europe,[85][86] it was officially launched worldwide on 24 January 2006.[87]

Opera Mini requests web pages through the Opera Software company's servers, which process and compress them before relaying the pages back to the mobile phone.[84][88] This compression process reduces bandwidth use by up to 90%[89] and the pre-processing smooths compatibility with web pages not designed for mobile phones.[90]

In March 2010, Opera Software has launched a new beta version of its Mini browser for mobile phones running on the Google's open source Android platform.The company claims that the Opera Mini 5 is capable of compressing data by up to 90 per cent before sending content to the phone, resulting in improved page-load times and speed.[91]

Opera Software has launched a native version of Opera Mini 5 beta for Windows Mobile 5- and 6-based handsets, which traditionally requires Java. The Mini 5 for Windows mobile phone included the same feature set as its Java-based version.

On April 13, 2010, Opera Mini was officially approved as a free download for iPhone (and iPod Touch) on Apple's App Store.[92]

Nintendo DS

The Nintendo DS

The Nintendo DS Browser is an edition of Opera for the Nintendo DS handheld gaming system. The Nintendo DS Browser was released in Japan on 24 July 2006,[93] in Europe on 6 October 2006,[94] and in North America on 4 June 2007.[95] It is sold as a physical game cartridge for US$30.[30]

The Nintendo DS Browser includes the same small screen rendering and page zooming technology present in Opera Mobile.[22][81] It also includes handwriting recognition software and an on-screen keyboard to enable user input. Additionally, Nintendo partnered with Astaro Internet Security to provide web filtering for the Nintendo DS Browser. The technology is simply a professionally maintained proxy server that blocks web sites related to pornography, discrimination, security hacking, software piracy, violence, gambling, illegal drugs, alcohol, tobacco, dating, weapons, abortion, and other content that Nintendo deems objectionable.[96] Users can configure the Nintendo DS Browser to receive web pages through this proxy server, and this setting can be password-protected (by a parent, for example) to prevent circumvention.[97]

In August 2007, the Nintendo DS Browser was quietly discontinued in North America,[30][98] although it is still available from Nintendo's online store.[99] Instead, Opera is available on the Nintendo DSi through the DSi Shop.[100]

Wii

Nintendo's Wii console

On 10 May 2006, the Opera Software company announced that it was partnering with Nintendo to provide a web browser for Nintendo's Wii gaming console.[21][22][23][24] Opera for the Wii, called the Internet Channel, was free to download from its release on 12 April 2007[25] until 30 June 2007. After that date, Wii users had to pay 500 Wii Points (US$5[26]) to download it.[27] However, in late August / early September of the year 2009, the Internet Channel was once again available to download for free and those who paid for the service had their Wii Points returned in the form of a free NES virtual console game.[101]

Scott Hedrick, an executive of the Opera Software company, explained that the Wii browser was designed to suit a "living room environment".[102] In contrast to Opera's appearance on computer monitors, fonts are larger and the interface is simplified for easier use.[102] Notwithstanding the changes in design, the Wii browser supports the same web standards as the desktop version of Opera 9,[102] including passing the Acid2 test.[103]

Market adoption

The usage share of web browsers.
Source: Median values from world wide summary table.      Internet Explorer (52.33%; Usage by version number)      Mozilla Firefox (26.34%; Usage by version number)      Google Chrome (11.04%)      Safari (5.03%)      Opera (2.54%)      Mobile browsers (3.49%)
Statistics reference: Usage share of web browsers

As of May 2010 Opera has a 2.43% of worldwide usage share of web browsers, according to Net Applications.[104]

In July 2009, usage data on English-language sites showed Opera's share of the browser market as being around 2%.[104] The browser has seen more success in Europe, including about 43% market share in 2009 in Ukraine, 36% in Russia, and 8-11% in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic.[105]

In September 2009, Opera broke its previous download records when Opera 10 was released and was recorded to be downloaded 10 million times during the first week of release.[106]

Since its first release in 1996, the browser has had limited success on personal computers. It has had more success in the area of mobile browsing, with product releases for a variety of platforms.[107] Approximately 40 million mobile phones have shipped with a copy of Opera pre-installed.[108]

It is used on some television set-top boxes as well.[109] In 2005, Adobe Systems opted to integrate Opera's layout engine, Presto, into its Adobe Creative Suite applications. Opera technology is now found in Adobe GoLive, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Dreamweaver, and other components of the Adobe Creative Suite.[11][12] Opera's layout engine is also found in Virtual Mechanics SiteSpinner Pro.[110]

Reception

See also: Opera Mobile#Critical reception, Opera Mini#Critical reception, and Nintendo DS & DSi Browser#Critical reception

Critical reception of Opera has been largely positive,[111][112][113] although it has been criticized for website compatibility issues.[114][115] According to one of Opera's competitors, this is partly because developers do not test web sites with Opera due its lack of market share.[115] Because of this issue, Opera 8.01 and higher have included workarounds to help certain popular but problematic web sites display properly.[116][117] Notwithstanding other criticism, when Nintendo chose in 2006 to adopt Opera as the web browser for its Wii and Nintendo DS gaming systems, a Nintendo representative explained:

For our Wii console launch in 2006, we required a browser that was fast and secure with support for the latest standards including AJAX. Opera proved perfect for our purposes and is an exceptional addition to both the Nintendo DS and the Wii console.
—Genyo Takeda, senior managing director and general manager, Integrated Research & Development Division , Nintendo[23]

Awards

See also: Opera Mobile#Awards and Opera Mini#Awards

Over the years, Opera for personal computers has received several awards. These awards include:[118]

  • About.com Best Major Desktop Browser - 2010[119]
  • Webware 100 winner, 2009[120]
  • Webware 100 winner, 2008[121]
  • PC World World Class Award, 2004 and 2005
  • Web Host Magazine & Buyer's Guide Editors' Choice
  • PC Magazin Testsieger (Test Winner), 2006
  • PC Plus Performance Award
  • PC World Best Data Product, 2003
  • PC World Best i Test, 2003
  • Web Attack Editor's Pick, 2003
  • ZDNet Editor's Pick, 2000
  • Tech Cruiser Award 4 Excellence, 1999

See also

References

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  38. ↑ Peacekeeper
  39. ↑ Sunspider
  40. ↑ Speed-Battle
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  48. ↑ "Use Opera without a Mouse". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/browser/tutorials/nomouse/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  49. ↑ "Day 16: Sessions". 30 Days to becoming an Opera8 Lover. 25 May 2005. http://tntluoma.com/30days/day-16-sessions/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  50. ↑ Santambrogio, Claudio (11 June 2007). "emacs keyboard bindings - 2". csant/log at My Opera. Opera Software. http://my.opera.com/csant/blog/2007/06/11/emacs-keyboard-bindings-2. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  51. ↑ Hansen, Evan (2 October 2002). "Building a better computer mouse". CNET News. http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-960408.html. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  52. ↑ "Mouse Gestures in Opera". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/browser/tutorials/gestures/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  53. ↑ "Opera: User CSS — Accessibility Layout". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/docs/usercss/index.dml. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  54. ↑ "IBM, Opera To Develop "Multimode" Browser". ExtremeTech. Ziff Davis. 24 July 2002. http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,3973,414251,00.asp. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  55. ↑ Koltz, Holly Marie (26 March 2004). "Opera, IBM voice". Web Standards Project. http://www.webstandards.org/2004/03/26/opera-ibm-voice/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  56. ↑ "Opera Turbo". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/business/solutions/turbo/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  57. ↑ "Delete Private Data". 30 Days to becoming an Opera8 Lover. 23 September 2005. http://tntluoma.com/30days/delete-private-data/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  58. ↑ Pettersen, Yngve (16 May 2006). "What's new in the SSL/TLS engine of Opera 9?". Opera Labs. Opera Software. http://labs.opera.com/news/2006/05/16/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  59. ↑ Pankov, Igor (18 February 2006). "Security in Opera Browser: A Brief Glance". Agnitum Ltd. http://www.securityteacher.com/2006/02/18/security-in-opera-browser-a-brief-glance/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  60. ↑ "Opera Fraud and Malware Protection". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/docs/fraudprotection/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  61. ↑ "Reporting Bugs". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/support/bugs/. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  62. ↑ Hammond, David (10 February 2009). "Web browser security summary". http://www.webdevout.net/browser-security. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  63. ↑ Kerner, Sean Michael (9 January 2007). "Mozilla Takes Aim at Opera Security". Internetnews.com (Quinstreet). http://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3653031. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  64. ↑ Kerner, Sean Michael (10 January 2007). "Opera Has Words For Mozilla". Internetnews.com (Quinstreet). http://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3653226. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  65. ↑ Meyer, Eric (June 1999). "CSS: If not now, when?". meyerweb.com. http://meyerweb.com/eric/articles/webrev/199906.html. Retrieved 11 October 2007. 
  66. ↑ Pettersen, Yngve. "New in Opera Presto 2.2: TLS 1.2 Support". Opera Software. http://my.opera.com/core/blog/2009/02/25/new-in-opera-presto-2-2-tls-1-2-support. Retrieved 25 February 2009. 
  67. ↑ "Web Specifications Supported in Opera 9". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/. Retrieved 11 October 2007. 
  68. ↑ Howtocreate.co.uk, scrollbarnotes
  69. ↑ "Opera 10.51 for Windows". TechSpot. 2010-03-22. http://www.techspot.com/downloads/40-opera-for-windows.html. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  70. ↑ "Sputnik JavaScript conformance test comparision of some stable web browser on the Windows XP.". Google. 2010-05-04. http://sputnik.googlelabs.com/compare. Retrieved 2010-05-04. 
  71. ↑ "Re-branding Unite Services as Unite Applications"
  72. ↑ Opera Unite developer's primer — revisited
  73. ↑ Opera Software (23 November 2009). "Join Opera's journey to reinvent the Web". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2009/11/23/. Retrieved 23 November 2009. 
  74. ↑ My.opera.com. "How Opera became a big company and started crushing dreams". Blog. http://my.opera.com/haavard/blog/2009/06/18/how-opera-became-a-big-company-and-started-crushing-dreams. Retrieved 3 September 2010. 
  75. ↑ "Performance Tests for Opera 9.5: Conclusions". http://nontroppo.org/timer/kestrel_tests/#conclusion. Retrieved 10 November 2007. 
  76. ↑ Opera Software (3 April 2000). "mCommerce Now a Reality on Psion Platform". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2000/03/31/. Retrieved 4 December 2007. 
  77. ↑ "Opera Mobile Timeline" (PDF). Opera Software. 2006. http://jp.opera.com/products/mobile/brochures/OperaMobileTimeline.pdf. Retrieved 4 December 2007. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "Products featuring the Opera Mobile Browser". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/mobile/. Retrieved 18 October 2007. 
  79. ↑ "Buy Opera". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/mobile/download/?show=mobile. Retrieved 3 January 2008. 
  80. ↑ "Opera's Small-Screen Rendering". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/docs/era/. Retrieved 18 October 2007. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 "Opera for Symbian S60". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/mobile/tutorials/s60/. Retrieved 18 October 2007. 
  82. ↑ Ruotsalainen, Werner (2 June 2006). "Post details: Prelude to the Opera Mobile vs NetFront article — profound differences between the two new Web browsers". Smartphone & Pocket PC Magazine. http://www.smartphonemag.com/cms/index.php?q=blogs/3/prelude_to_the_opera_mobile_vs_netfront. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  83. ↑ Kuznetsov, Ivan (2 September 2006). "Opera Mobile vs. Nokia S60 browser — new browser war?". ivankuznetsov.com. http://www.ivankuznetsov.com/2006/09/opera-mobile-vs.html. Retrieved 14 November 2007. 
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Opera Software (10 August 2005). "Have WAP but want WEB? Introducing Opera Mini for mobile phones". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2005/08/10/. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  85. ↑ Opera Software (10 November 2005). "Mobile comfort in the cold: Opera Mini beta now available free in the Nordics". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2005/10/20/. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  86. ↑ Opera Software (10 November 2005). "The full Internet for all mobile phones: Opera Mini launched in Germany". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2005/11/10/. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  87. ↑ Gohring, Nancy (24 January 2006). "Opera Officially Launches Mini Browser". PC World. http://www.pcworld.com/article/124473/opera_officially_launches_mini_browser.html. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  88. ↑ Opera Software (6 April 2006). "Operators making money on Opera Mini: Two million users surf 4 million Web pages every day". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2006/04/06/. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  89. ↑ "Opera Mini Features". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/mini/features/. Retrieved 4 March 2009. 
  90. ↑ Duncan, Geoff (24 January 2006). "Opera Mini Officially Brings Web to Mobiles". Digital Trends News. http://news.digitaltrends.com/news-article/9372/opera-mini-officially-brings-web-to-mobiles. Retrieved 18 October 2007. 
  91. ↑ "Opera launches Mini 5 beta on Android platform". NewStatesman. 12 March 2010. http://www.newstatesman.com/technology/2010/03/mobile-phone-opera-mini. Retrieved 17 March 2010. 
  92. ↑ "Opera Mini App approved for the App Store". Opera Software. 2010-04-13. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2010/04/13/. Retrieved 2010-04-13. 
  93. ↑ Opera Software (24 July 2006). "Surf in Bed: Nintendo DS Browser hits Japan". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2006/07/24/. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  94. ↑ Opera Software (6 October 2006). "Nintendo DS Browser launches across Europe today". Press release. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2006/10/06/. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  95. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (4 May 2007). "Original DS browser available online only". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/pages/news/story.php?sid=6170135&part=rss&tag=gs_news&subj=6170135. Retrieved 18 October 2007. 
  96. ↑ "Astaro Parental Control for the Nintendo DS Browser". Astaro. http://www.astaro.com/ds-content-filter/. Retrieved 1 December 2007. 
  97. ↑ "Nintendo DS Browser: Content Filtering (proxy server)". Customer Service. Nintendo. http://www.nintendo.com/consumer/systems/dslite/browser.jsp#contentFilter. Retrieved 10 November 2007. 
  98. ↑ Ponte, Christian (27 August 2007). "Nintendo DS Browser being discontinued in North America". The Tanooki. http://www.thetanooki.com/2007/08/27/nintendo-ds-browser-being-discontinued-in-north-america/. Retrieved 10 March 2008. 
  99. ↑ "Nintendo DS Browser (Original Style Nintendo DS)". Nintendo. http://store.nintendo.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?productId=129204&currency=USD&catalogId=10001&tranId=0&lastAction=setCurr&storeId=10001&languageId=-1&categoryId=58694&ddkey=http://SetCurrencyPreference. Retrieved 4 May 2008. 
  100. ↑ Kai-Lapis (29 October 2008). "Nintendo DSi Browser, Iwata interviews". Opera Software. http://my.opera.com/Kai_Lapis/blog/2008/10/29/nintendo-dsi-browser-iwata-interviews. Retrieved 17 November 2008. 
  101. ↑ Nintendo.com
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 Temperton, James (3 June 2006). "Interview: Opera's Nintendo Wii Browser". Cubed3. http://www.cubed3.com/news/5329. Retrieved 4 June 2006. 
  103. ↑ Goldman, Daniel (22 December 2006). "Wii browser passes the Acid2 test". Opera Watch. http://operawatch.com/news/2006/12/wii-browser-passes-the-acid2-test.html. Retrieved 30 October 2007. 
  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 "Browser Market Share". Net Applications. 2010-06-01. http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=0. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  105. ↑ "StatCounter Global Stats". StatCounter. http://gs.statcounter.com/#browser-ww-monthly-200901-201001-bar. Retrieved 2010-03-23.  Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic
  106. ↑ "Record downloads of Opera 10 indicate appeal of turbo browsing". Opera Software ASA. 8 September 2009. http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2009/09/08_2/. Retrieved 11 October 2009. 
  107. ↑ Reimer, Jeremy (10 May 2007). "Microsoft's Silverlight to get Opera compatibility". Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.com/microsoft/news/2007/05/microsofts-silverlight-to-get-opera.ars. Retrieved 3 March 2009. 
  108. ↑ Zorz, Mirko (13 August 2007). "Interview with Christen Krogh, Opera Software's VP of Engineering". net-security.org. http://www.net-security.org/article.php?id=1052. Retrieved 4 December 2007. 
  109. ↑ "Opera Solutions". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/business/solutions/devices/gallery/. Retrieved 4 March 2009. 
  110. ↑ Virtual Mechanics Inc. (18 November 2008). "Design Web Pages for the Desktop and Mobile Devices". Press release. http://www.virtualmechanics.com/company/press1108.html. Retrieved 18 November 2008. 
  111. ↑ Mason, Wesley (16 March 2000). "Software Review: Opera browser for Windows v3.62". Geek.com. http://www.geek.com/hwswrev/software/opera/opera2.htm. Retrieved 13 October 2007. 
  112. ↑ "Editor's review of Opera". Download.com. http://download.cnet.com/Opera/3000-2356_4-10005498.html#editorsreview. Retrieved 23 March 2009. 
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  116. ↑ "Browser JavaScript Explained". Opera Software. http://www.opera.com/docs/browserjs/. Retrieved 13 October 2007. 
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    "Changelog for Opera 8.01 for Macintosh". Opera Software. 16 June 2005. http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/mac/801/. Retrieved 20 June 2008. 
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